GERENCIAMENTO DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS

UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE BRASIL E PORTUGAL

Resumo

This investigation aims to carry out a comparative study between the Strategic Plan for Urban Solid Waste (PERSU) in Portugal and the National Solid Waste Policy (Law No. 12.305/2010) in Brazil. In addition to this important legal foundation, the research will have as its main theoretical framework the doctrine of the Indian economist and philosopher Amartya Sen, who anchors public policies in the person and in the need to have conditions for the development of capabilities (capabilities), thus acting as a active subject, as a citizen. In this sense, the specific objectives will be: a) to carry out a comparative study of the Portuguese and Brazilian legislation on solid waste management; b) study the management of urban solid waste in the city of Passo Fundo/Brazil; c) analyze public policies under the theoretical framework of Amartya Sen. The choice of this theme is justified since the inappropriate disposal of urban solid waste is one of the main sources of pollution and environmental deterioration, generating threatening consequences for the environment and, consequently, for the quality of life as a whole.
Currently, society's consumption patterns are more latent, which generates an exorbitant amount of waste, both in the production of goods until reaching the consumer and its final disposal. This reality of the linear economy, so ingrained in the social standards of the present, must be fought by a circular economy, which is already provided for in numerous laws, however the reality of the low level of recycling, especially in Brazil, is far from materializing what the laws positive about it. Thus, in view of the longer period of existence of the urban solid waste policy in Portugal (PERSU), existing since the 90s, in comparison with Brazil, which only had a positive National policy in 2010, it is asked what are the the measures likely to be adopted effectively for the management of urban solid waste for the Brazilian reality? It was possible to conclude with the present research about the need for a change of perception for the implementation of effective policies for the reduction, reuse and recycling of this waste, in spite of these being seen as economic goods and of social valuation, generator of work, income and promoter of citizenship, through the work of proactive agents whose capabilities (capabilities) may be developed through public policies, ensuring that they contribute to the continuity and expansion of these policies. Finally, the research method will be deductive, starting from a general perception supported by Brazilian and Portuguese legislation, also doctrinal and documental.